The Turks invaded Egypt in this period to expand the Ottoman Empire. The army conquered Egypt outside the popular city and Capital Cairo. Appointing Sultans to run the Empire.
Government
Rulers called Sultans ruled the area in this period. The government is called a sultanate and the Sultan is a Muslim Monarch.
Geography/Environment
In Africa, the trade changed from just water route to land routes. The trade traveled across the Sahara into the horn of Africa.
Culture
Christianity and many other religions started entering Africa through Ethiopia. Which started to shape the people there. Islam was already in place because of the Turks that took over Egypt.
Economy
The economy was starting to go down because of the slave trade. Not much trade of good was in progress because the main trade was humans.
Health and Disease
Polio and other disease started to show up within Africa. Polio is a viral disease that can lead to partial or full paralysis.
Current Issue
The Atlantic Slave Trade Started around 1500 A.D. Africans were sold to North and South America and Europe. These countries needed a workforce so they bought the Africans to do it. The Africans went through torture in these times. Being beaten, sold many times, ripped from their families, and so on. The trade route went through the Atlantic Ocean and sometimes up North through the Pacific Ocean.